American Romantic Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 386 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Assignment Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction During the course of our studies in college, we have to learn and use many materials in the psychology class. These materials provide us with knowledge and psychology skills that greatly help us to build our future foundations in the course. As an example of materials we use in the psychology class, this paper aims to give a summary of,American Romantic Psychology, a 1988 course material which is divided into five major sections: Voyages of the Minds Return; Ones Self I Sing; The Double Consciousness Revisited; Words Out of the Sea and; kora in Heaven.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "American Romantic Psychology" essay for you Create order To start with the first section of the work, writers here bring out the idea of integration of different paradigms; id, ego, and superego. The writer notes that as we progress through life, then each is separated with the emergence of new duties in our lives. As people, we require dual functioning of these three, with the whole idea being that we develop a deferential consciousness. Consequently, the second section of the work Ones Self I sing, is all concerned with individuation and introjection, the writer here presents a congruent and complementary dimension of this full development of consciousness (Bickman, 1988). Consequently, coming to the third section, about The Double Consciousness Revisited, it is a pure reflection of the reviews of the artistic activities that are an approach to achieving reconciliation as well as the process to joining the conscious to unconscious. However, it is noteworthy that double consciousness can easily be broken into conditions that are referred to as inflation, where the ego confounds its own powers and its aims with those of the entire psyche. The next section of the work,Words Out of the Sea, clearly analyses the view each one of us concerning the double consciousness, with the writer having noted he could not understand the whole mystery, although, he is conscious of himself as simply soul and as himself. The work then proceeds to the fifth section,Kora in heaven, which clearly discuss the relationship we have between our life and the entire work we have to attend to. It supports both Jungian and Romantic theory about the psyche being the middle term betwee n personal and cultural work in the peoples lives (Bickman, 1988). Reference Bickman, M. (1988). American Romantic Psychology: Emerson, Poe, Whitman, Dickinson, Melville. Spring Pubns.

Pearl Harbor A Conspiracy Theory - 1611 Words

Melissa Lupo FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT KNEW ABOUT AND LET PEARL HARBOR HAPPEN IN ORDER TO GET AMERICA INVOLVED IN WW2 INTRODUCTION The event of Pearl Harbor resulted in a surprised attack which took place on 7th December 1941 and raised a lot of questions in those days. Some of those questions still remain unanswered. To analysts, this seemed strange how the Japanese did get to America at this point. The rumors of the conspiracy theories started rushing all around the globe after this deadly happening. The analysis came with the conclusion that the reason for which the Japanese got hundreds of American ships ready for battle was that President Franklin Roosevelt knew the Pearl Harbor attack was coming and he let it happen in order to get America involved in the war. The major news under this title broke when many authors started writing on it being a conspiracy theory. This tragic event resulted in a lot of casualties. It is best described as â€Å"At 7:49 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941, 183 Japanese dive- and torpedo-bombers, accompanied by Zero escorts, launched the first of two attacks against the American base at Pearl Harbor. A second wave of 168 Japanese aircraft arrived at 9 a.m. where eighteen operational warships, including four battleships, were sunk or heavily damaged; 188 aircraft were destroyed. 2,403 Americans were killed, among them 68 civilians, and 1178 were wounded† (Lutton Winter 1991-1992) FACTS REGARDING THE FOREKNOWLEDGE OF PEARL HARBOR ATTACK The following isShow MoreRelatedPearl Harbor Conspiracy, By Japanese Torpedo And Bomber Planes Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesCarlos Tovar Professor Couey English 103 Oct. 15, 2015 Pearl Harbor Conspiracy On December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii, was attacked by Japanese torpedo and bomber planes. This attack took the lives of 2,402 Americans and left around 1,282 people injured. The surprise attack caused outrage in the American people, news media, government and the world. The following day President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the nation and United States Congress, in response to the attack. In that addressRead More9/11 Conspiracy Theory - Essay 11258 Words   |  6 Pages9-11 Conspiracy Theory. Introduction. September 11th, 2001; two planes crash into each tower of the World Trade Center, one in to the Pentagon, and one â€Å"crashes† in Pennsylvania. The government tells us that the attacks were committed by Al Qaeda, a Muslim extremist terrorist group. That it was a â€Å"cowardly surprise attack.† They do not offer any proof, except, a likely fake, video tape, of Bin Laden; translated by government translators. A pattern? We took the government’s word for it. How ironicRead More The Pearl Harbor Conspiracy Essay2620 Words   |  11 PagesThe Pearl Harbor Conspiracy In the early morning of December 7, 1941 the bombing of Pearl Harbor took place. 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MAGIC was a top secret projectRead More A Government Conspiracy Essays1185 Words   |  5 PagesA Government Conspiracy To most a fairy tale, to some an interesting topic of discussion, however, to a small population, 5 % to be exact, Government conspiracy does exist. How, you might ask, do I intend to prove that indeed government conspiracy is real? I do not intend to prove it. In fact I only intend to inform you of its ever growing ploy of world domination, capitalism and control and open your mind to the idea that government conspiracy is out there. Throughout history as it is knownRead MoreThe Attack On Pearl Harbor1685 Words   |  7 Pages27, 2015 Could the attack on Pearl Harbor have been prevented, or was it a completely unexpected and unavoidable event? On December 7,1941 the Imperial Japanese Navy sent hundreds of aircraft carriers to attack the Naval Station at Pearl Harbor. 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However, it has been theorized that all of this was fabricated by governments and other people who believe what they have been told. This has led to the development of conspiracy theories which thousands of people worldwi de believe. Some of these interesting yet crazy ideas include the lies behind the attack on Pearl Harbor, the truth about what happened to Hitler, and even that the Holocaust was a hoax. On December 7, 1941, the United States was dumbfounded by a Japanese attack on a HawaiianRead MoreThe Buddha in the Attic by Julie Otsuka693 Words   |  3 Pagesbook then goes through their lives in America, speaking of the different outcomes of each wife. The book talks about their jobs as farmers, maids, and other work they were duped into. The book culminates around World War II where the attacks on Pearl Harbor cause tumult among the Japanese-American population. 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Study of Accounting Theories for Legitimacy- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStudy of Accounting Theories for Legitimacy. Answer: Accounting theories lead to a clear conceptual idea as to how an accounting thought is developed into an accounting practice and then it is in turn further developed into an accounting principle. Accounting theories assess the global and ethical standards of accounting, their relevance linked to the political conditions of the location and the current government policies. The two of the more prevalent theories used for evaluating social and environmental accounting are legitimacy and stakeholder theory (as mentioned in the question). The word Legitimacy generally in accounting sense means a common or general perspective concerned with the work done by a particular entity as to whether the work done is according to the laid down norms and definitions and is done with proper tools of accounting (Lanis and Richardson 2012). Legitimacy theory essentially refers to the mechanism that helps organizations in establishing and developing environmental and social initiatives on the part of the firm so that their social contract is fulfilled and in turn the goals and objectives of the organization are ultimately met. The organization in order to support its existence needs legitimacy accounting so that the social and environmental actions done by the entity do not hamper the environment or society. In legitimacy theory the idea of social contract is treated with utmost importance. Here in this theory society is treated as a real entity having real force and real desires or interests commonly termed as the public interest. L egitimacy theory is that accounting theory which inspires corporations to be socially and environmentally responsible (Fernando and Lawrence 2014). Its basic idea is that each and every organization has some duty towards the environment and the society in which it operates and draws its revenue from. Thus it gives stress on corporate social responsibility. The problem or one of the drawbacks for legitimacy theory in contributing to the general understanding of legitimacy accounting disclosure is that with time corporations have used this concept more often without understanding its purpose, therefore loosening the grip of the process (Rogowski 2015). Now to discuss the stakeholder theory, a stakeholder could be any person who is involved in the business that is he or she is a component of the process or flow of business. A stakeholder is a person by whom business is affected and in turn who affects business. The ethical of the stakeholder theory presents the perspective that organizations or firms should take into account the interest of all the stakeholders involved in business when deciding about important factors. One of the advantages of the stakeholder theory is that organizations are only able to maximize the wellbeing of the stakeholders. Stakeholders or shareholders with less power or no power do not get any kind of claims on the firm and the stakeholders who operate from a distance have no power to have any effect on the sales or supplies of the firm (Bitektine and Haack 2015). They are not able to affect any decision making process of the firm. Stakeholder theory is one of the very few theories in which the claims are b oth ethical and positive together. This accounting theory actually needs a leap of faith rather than a well thought analysis or a rational analysis. The stakeholders strategic view mixes both a resource-oriented view along with a market-oriented view. A general version of the stakeholder accounting theory intends to define the particular group of stakeholders of a company and after that take exact measures to assess and check the situation as to how the stakeholders especially the small scale stakeholders are treated in the firm. Legitimacy theory is based on the notion that each and every corporation or firm has a sincere responsibility towards the society or environment where it thrives and prospers. It does not involve any legal claim on the organization but justifies the existence of the firm by maintaining its public image. Stakeholder theory on the other hand is completely an accounting theory that is depends upon the stakeholders or shareholders to be particular. It is mainly concerned with the treatment of the small scale stakeholders who do not have a say in the decision making area of the firm. It essentially safeguards the interests of the stakeholders. Under this accounting theory stakeholders do have a legal claim on the firm (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). There are in total two methods of accounting for leases. In case of an operating lease, the owner of the property only transfers the right of the property to the person acquiring the property. When the time period for leasing the property is over, the person who had taken the property on lease gives back the property to the owner. As the lessee do not have to accept the ownership risk, the expense related to lease property is shown as operating expense in the income statement and will have no effect on the balance sheet. In a financial lease, the lessee takes on a part of the ownership risks and receives certain perks and is also shown in the balance sheet of the firm as the property is recognizable as an asset or liability. Therefore companies prefer operating lease more than finance lease ( Altamuro et al. 2014). The change in the accounting standard for leasing might cause organizations to breach covenants included within debt contracts because after the change the firms will compulsorily have to show the expenses as their liability that is the total net profit of the firm as such will decrease by a wholesome amount. This will be the primary effect of the change in accounting standards (Barone, Birt and Moya 2014). The organizations more likely to lobby against the accounting standard would be financial institutions as these institutions are involved in leasing out properties and would be affected the most due to the changed accounting standards (Graham and King 2013). References Altamuro, J., Johnston, R., Pandit, S.S. and Zhang, H.H., 2014. Operating leases and credit assessments. Contemporary Accounting Research, 31(2), pp.551-580. Barone, E., Birt, J. and Moya, S., 2014. Lease accounting: a review of recent literature. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp.35-54. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B. eds., 2014. Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bitektine, A. and Haack, P., 2015. The macro and the micro of legitimacy: Toward a multilevel theory of the legitimacy process. Academy of Management Review, 40(1), pp.49-75. Fernando, S. and Lawrence, S., 2014. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CSR PRACTICES: INTEGRATING LEGITIMACY THEORY, STAKEHOLDER THEORY AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 10(1). Graham, R.C. and King, R.D., 2013. Decision usefulness of whole-asset operating lease capitalizations. Advances in Accounting, 29(1), pp.60-73. Lanis, R. and Richardson, G., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 26(1), pp.75-100. Rogowski, R., 2015. Rational legitimacy: A theory of political support. Princeton University Press.

Krisis free essay sample

TV personalities, athletes, models, and other famous people to establish or enhance a brand is not a foreign concept anymore. Celebrities have been endorsing since late nineteenth century (Ordering, 1999). This kind of marketing strategy does not only draw attention but attracts action. Companies spend a big part of their budget in the attempt to align the brand with the endorser. Needless to say, the chosen celebrity for the product or service of the company should be perfect and hit the target market right on the mark. Celebrities may be known for having that power to influence the people into making a decision on what to buy, where to eat, what to wear and a lot more choices. But using this kind of marketing strategy can make or break an entire advertisement. Brands use celebrity endorsers as an effective marketing strategy to establish the credibility of a brand, especially with new products. We will write a custom essay sample on Krisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A celebrity preference of the brand denotes that he/ he is gaining with the brand, hence, the target audience will also benefit. It will also build a sense of trust from the target audience. Moreover, celebrity endorsements guarantee attention by emerging from the clutter. On that note, it gives the brand a high-degree of recall. Also, a celebrity mass appeal produces interest of the brand among the target audience (Catwalk, 2005). In creating efficient messages, the advertisers consider the celebrity attractiveness (Select, 2003). Celebrity attractiveness does not only connote the physical appearance but also the character, likeability, and similarity to the target market. At times, controversial celebrities are also preferred (Knight, 2010). Consumers will only mind if the actual product has or had a controversial issue. This research aims to briefly discuss Kuris Aquinas TV endorsements and how she can have an impact on the brand shes advertising, the company as a whole and the target market. Moreover, this research aims to find out how, despite the personal controversies shes had, she still bested other TV endorsers in terms of numbers of endorsements. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Celebrity endorsers play a big role in the advertising industry; big names such as John Lloyd Cruz, Sharon Cement, Anne Curtis and Polloi Paschal are among those who are always on the top of the list when it comes to TV Brand Endorsements (Mannequin, 2011). Along with the huge names in the industry is the one hailed as the Philippines Top Brand Endorser for 2009 to 2012, the Queen of Talk, Kuris Aquinas. Three prerequisites to selecting celebrities: Before signing on celebrities to endorse their brands, companies need to ensure that they meet three basic prerequisites, namely the endorser should be attractive, have a positive image in the society, and e perceived as having the necessary knowledge, although it might be difficult for a celebrity to meet all three prerequisites (Lumberyards, 2011). Kuris Aquinas seemed to possess most if not all of these prerequisites despite the negative image that all the issues and controversies she found herself in, had imposed on her. Kristin Barnett Conjuring Aquinas, popularly known as Kuris Aquinas, is one of the most controversial personalities in Philippine TV. Coming from a highly recognizable clan of politicians, she inevitably draws more light from the show business industry as impaired to other celebrities. She was crowned as the Queen of Talk because of her hosting prowess. She hosted different shows such as The Kuris Aquinas Show, The Buzz, Morning Girls with Kuris and Koruna and many more. Tactless as it may seem to some people, but to many she is a fearless host asking her interviewees questions that nobody would dare ask. Aside from being the Queen of Talk, Kuris holds the title Queen of Game Shows as well. Being linked to a number of men whether from the politics, or showbiz industry, being outspoken, and fearless, Kuris has almost always been the center of attention. From a commercial bakeshop to a beauty product, Kuris Aquinas dominated the Top Endorser list of 2009 to 2012 for having the most Brands being endorsed by a TV Personality (Mannequin, 2011). Kuris Aquinas managed to stay on top of the list and became a desired endorser to most of the companies despite all the issues that sparked in the middle of her success as a TV personality. Following her mothers death, Kuris made a public service announcement supporting an anti-cancer campaign with some other women endorsers, namely mother and daughter, Pip and Maxine Monsoonal who also lost a loved one who offered from cancer, Master Rapper, Francis Monsoonal. Kuris has become a pop cultural icon. The over-all perception is that she is a personality thats part of our culture, sociological. Kuris has never been afraid to share near interior elite; seen NAS always been transparent, Internal. Kuris Aquinas made a huge impact to the audience because of her strong personality and straight forward comments towards the people around her. What you see is what you get from her. That kind of trait from her might be a reason why the major brand companies favored her in endorsing their brands rather than some other TV rationalities. Kaki, Im not a liar yon Lang yon, what you see is what you get, A good conduct clause is when you know how to behave, (Alamo, 2011) l think Im very talented, Kuris laughed. L mean I feel that massing aka and managing as attract kook. More than anything else, lam Eng Tao an I dont lie. And did baa thats the most important thing for an endorser, young Toto aka and you have credibility. (Sadist, 2004) One of the Queen of Talks main priorities is her image as an e ndorser, and to maintain a good image, she refrains from doing things that might ruin her reputation. Lying is a big no-no for her, since she wanted the people to trust her, her main goal is to tell people the truth, tell them what she really feels. One time in September 23, 2003, Kuris Aquinas appeared to the public emotionally and physically weak after a fight with her actor- ex-boyfriend, Joey Marquee. This issue was the first time that the public saw Kuris cried on TV because viewers know her with her strong personality and highly-energize actions on TV. Grave threats, grave coercion, less physical injuries and illegal possession of firearms are the cases Kuris filed against Marquee. Along with her conflict with Joey Marquee, another issue came out; Kuris Aquinas admitted that she had STUD which she acquired from Joey Marquee. Two weeks after the incident, Joey Marquee made an apology that made Kuris Aquinas Junk the cases and chose not to talk about the incident again. Two years after her rough breakup with Joey Marquee, Kuris Aquinas married James Yap, star player of Purebloods (now Seaming Coffee Mixers) in the Philippine Basketball Association and a National Team standout. Their story bloomed when Kuris announced that she is pregnant with James Yap, Jar. (a. K. A Bimbo). But Just like her previous love affairs, this one didnt last that long either. In 2010, Kuris ended her five-year relationship with her husband after an issue sparked that James is having an affair with a rumored girl in the name of TV personality, Isabel 011. Based on this study, the researchers would like to determine why Kuris Aquinas is still the most favored TV endorser of different companies despite the issues being attached to her name. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This research is grounded on three theories which primarily concern the target market of a specific advertisement. As it is a common goal for advertisers to create, execute and convey a message, the receiver of the message is of high significance. At the end of a days Job, the important question would be Will the consumers buy it? Based on the previous studies regarding the consumers behaviors, there are three unintentional doctors that attest the consumer decision when buying. They are enumerated as external influences, internal influences, and the marketing influences in which the advertising, product promotion and pricing are found (Chem. and Lee 2005). The product promotion is where celebrity endorsers come in and advertisers want money who will attract attention and cause action from the target market so a big amount of money, effort and time would not be put to waste. The Source Attractiveness Theory will guide the researchers in finding out the physical attributes Kuris Aquinas possesses in terms similarity, familiarity and likeability, the Situational Crisis Communication Theory will determine the type of crisis Kuris is involved with, the intensifying factors of the controversies and will determine how Kuris Aquinas manages the threats and crisis while the Meaning Transfer Theory will lead the researchers in answering why companies choose Kuris Aquinas to endorse their products, advocates, or campaigns in terms of demographic and lifestyle types. Source Attractiveness Theory is a psychological research resulted from (McGuire, 1985) study. Source attractiveness model is more related to the physical attributes, such as similarity, familiarity and likeability. These are important initial Judgment of another person at first instance (Ionian, 1991). Advertisers have chosen celebrity endorsers on the basis of their physical attractiveness to gain fro m the dual effects of celebrity status and physical appeal (Singer, 1983). Kuris Aquinas, as an effective endorser, went through these things as well. Some advertisers used her beauty to sell the product, it doesnt matter whether he/she knows something about the product, as long as her beauty is present in the endorsement, the brand shes trying to market will sell. One product for example is her shampoo commercial. The advertisers noticed her beautiful hair and chose her as an endorser knowing that Kirks beautiful hair is not a result of her use of that shampoo brand. There is no doubt that attractive celebrity endorsers enhance attitudes towards advertising and brands, but whether they are able to create repeat purchase intentions is less obvious (Byrne et al, 2003). Device et al (1986) suggested in their study, higher source attractiveness led to higher verbal and behavioral compliance, in order to examine the relationship between purchase intention and attractiveness. Kale Homer (1985) mentioned in their study that, purchase intention participants are easily influenced by an attractive celebrity endorser than unattractive celebrity endorser. Another example is her Fabric Conditioner commercial; we all know that given the nature of Kuris Aquinas work, she spends most f her time taping and hosting and so she has very little time to wash her clothes herself. Since she is attractive and she can sell almost everything, the advertisers chose her as the endorser of the brand. Figure 1 Situational Crisis Communication Theory Model Situational Crisis Communication Theory suggests that crisis managers should match strategic crisis responses to the level of crisis responsibility and reputation threat posed by a crisis. Evaluating the crisis type, crisis history and prior relationship reputation will help crisis managers predict the level of reputation threat of an organization and how that organizations publics will perceive the crisis and attribute crisis responsibility. This theory will be helpful in determining how Kuris Aquinas manages the threats and crisis, as well as controversies thrown to her during the time where she is also doing some endorsements. Meaning Transfer Theory is also used in this study is based on the effectiveness of the endorser depends on the meaning the celebrity is bringing into the endorsements process and the brand. Celebrities are full of different meaning reflecting such as demographic (age, gender) and lifestyle types, thus asking it evident that celebrities convey not one but a variety of meaning. The cultural meanings that are connected with the celebrity will be transferred to the endorsed product or brand (Briefly,1995). According to Reardon (1999) the strengths of this model are that it considers celebrity status, class, gender, age, lifestyle and personality. Kuris Aquinas did several advertisements that are connected to her real-life experiences, one of which were series of commercials with her son, Bimbo in a milk product. She also made a public service advertisement (AS) against cancer. Her mom, the late President Carton Aquinas died due to Cancer, in relation to that, she made a AS pushing women to be injected with an anti-Human Papilla Virus (HP) vaccine to lessen the danger in the lives of the Filipino Women. According to Martin (1996, p. 29), celebrity spokes persons are useful in marketing because they provide a set of characteristics that supports consumers in evaluating the presented brand. The Meaning Transfer Theory model (McCracken, 1989) introduced is an appropriate tool to describe the endorsement process that comprises of three stages including culture, endorsement and consumption. This model involves the creation of celebrity image, transfer of meaning from the celebrity to the brand and the third stage is how the brand transfers image onto the consumer (Schlep, 2003). According to McCracken (1989), in the first stage the celebrity draws meaning from their public persona (I. E. ) the meaning associated with the famous person moves from the endorser to the product or brand. In the endorsement stage, this meaning is transferred from the endorser to the product and the process of creating a product personality takes place, based on the symbolic properties conveyed by the endorser. Figure 2 Meaning Transfer Theory Model At last, in the consumption process, the brands meaning is acquired by the consumer. In this stage the consumers role in the endorsement process. Then the company decides which celebrity to choose and who possesses the most appropriate similar characteristics in relation to the brand. Lastly there has to be equivalence or a brand fit between the celebrity and the brand or product. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Figure 3 Hybrid Theory of Source Attractiveness, Situational Crisis Communication, and Meaning Transfer Theories Figure 3 Hybrid Theory of Source Attractiveness, Situational Crisis Communication, and Meaning Transfer Theories The three theories of the researchers are combined to form a theory that will support the study. Meaning Transfer Theory incorporated the boxes Acquisition, Endorsement and Consumption. The Source Attractiveness Theory is embedded in the Acquisition stage in which the factors Physical Attributes, Likeability and Familiarity are being related to the endorser, Kuris Aquinas. In the Endorsement box, the intervening factors are presented namely Crisis History and Reputation. These factors are taken from the Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Also from the Situational Crisis Communication, the Behavioral Intentions is also integrated into the graph which will lead to the formulation of Response Strategy. The Response Strategy is planned for the benefit of the brand itself and Product Consumption. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researchers would like to determine the reasons why Kuris Aquinas emerged as a top TV endorser in the year 2009 to 2012 despite the controversies and issues that she had faced according to Strapless surveys released last 2012 The researchers would also like to determine the following: 1. What are the Seibel reasons behind Kuris Quoins success not Just as a TV Personality but as a leader in terms of the number of TV endorsements made in a year? 2. What are the reasons why the companies choose Kuris Aquinas over others for TV endorsements? 3. What are the controversies that made a huge impact on Kuris Aquinas? (reputation, image) 4. How did these controversies made an impact on the brands Kuris Aquinas endorses? 5. What are the response strategies that were taken/made regarding the controversies by Kuris Aquinas as perceived by industry experts? 6. What kind of impact does Kuris Aquinas make on the brands she endorses? . What doctors do the consumers consider in Kuris Aquinas?