Sunday, May 24, 2020
March Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays
  Discover what famous event happened on the March calendar concerning patents, trademarks or copyrights, and see which famous inventor has the same March birthday as you or what invention was created on that March calendar day.          March Calendar of Inventions, Trademarks, and Patents      March 1         1921ââ¬âMagician and showman Harry Houdini was granted patent #1,370,316 for a divers suit.         March 2         1861ââ¬âThe Patent Act of 1861 increased the term of a patent grant from 14 to 17 years; now it is 20 years.         March 3         1821ââ¬âThomas Jennings received a patent for dry scouring of clothes. He was the first African-American inventor to receive a US patent.         March 4         1955ââ¬âThe first radio facsimile, or fax transmission, was sent across the continent.1997ââ¬âLeonard Kasday received a patent for a way to handle telephone prize opportunities.         March 5         1872ââ¬âGeorge Westinghouseà  Jr. patented the steam-air brake.1963ââ¬âArthur K. Melin received U.S. Patent Number 3,079,728 on March 5, 1963, for a Hoop Toy, aka the Hula-Hoop.         March 6         1899ââ¬âFelix Hoffmann patented aspirin. He discovered that the compound called salicin found in willow plants provided pain relief.1990ââ¬âMel Evenson received a design patent for the ornamental design for a paperclip holder.         March 7         1876ââ¬âAlexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for the telephone.         March 8         1994ââ¬âDon Ku was granted a patent for a wheeled suitcase with a collapsible towing handle.         March 9         1954ââ¬âGladys Geissman was granted a patent for a babys garment.         March 10         1862ââ¬âThe first U.S. paper money was issued. The denominations were $5, $10 and $20. The paper bills became legal tender by an act of government on March 17, 1862.1891ââ¬âAlmon Strowger was issued a patent for the automatic telephone exchange.         March 11         1791ââ¬âSamuel Mullikin became the first inventor to hold multiple patents.         March 12         1935ââ¬âEngland established the first 30 mph speed limit for town and village roads.1996ââ¬âMichael Vost patented a mailbox signaling device.         March 13         1877ââ¬âChester Greenwood received a patent for earmuffs.1944ââ¬âAbbott and Costellos baseball routine Whos On First was copyrighted.         March 14         1794ââ¬âEli Whitney was granted a patent for the cotton gin.         March 15         1950ââ¬âNew York City hired Dr. Wallace E. Howell as the citys official rainmaker.1994ââ¬âWilliam Hartman was issued a patent for a method and apparatus for painting highway markings (stripes, etc.).         March 16         1963ââ¬âThe movieà  To Kill a Mockingbird, based on Harper Lees novel of the same name, was copyrighted.         March 17         1845ââ¬âThe first rubber band was patented by Stephen Perry of London.1885ââ¬âThe Blast Furnace Charger was patented by Fayette Brown.         March 18         1910ââ¬âRose ONeills Kewpie doll was copyrighted.         March 19         1850ââ¬âPhineas Quimby was issued a patent for a steering mechanism.1994ââ¬âThe largest omelet (1,383à ² ft) in the world was made with 160,000 eggs in Yokohama, Japan.         March 20         1883ââ¬âJan Matzeliger was issued patent #274,207 for a lasting device for shoes. Matzeligers invention made the mass production of inexpensive shoes possible.         March 21         1861ââ¬âThe Constitution of the Confederate States of America established a Patent Office.         March 22         1841ââ¬âOrlando Jones patented cornstarch.1960ââ¬âArthur L. Schawlow and Charles H. Townes were issued a patent for the laser.         March 23         1836ââ¬âThe coin press was invented by Franklin Beale.1956ââ¬âWest Side Story, a musical play by Leonard Bernstein, was copyrighted.         March 24         1959ââ¬âCharles Townes was granted a patent for the maser, the precursor to the laser. The maser was a big hit, being used to amplify radio signals and as an ultrasensitive detector for space research.         March 25         1902ââ¬âIrving W. Colburn patented the sheet glass drawing machine, making the mass production of glass for windows possible.1975ââ¬âCayetano Aguas was issued patent #3,873,284 for a smoke stack washer.         March 26         1895ââ¬âCharles Jenkins patented a motion picture machine.1895ââ¬âLouis Lumiere patented a motion picture machine. What Lumiere invented was a portable motion-picture camera, a film-processing unit and a projector called the cinematographe ââ¬â three functions covered in one invention.         March 27         1790ââ¬âThe first shoelaces were invented.1990ââ¬âHarold Osrow and Zvi Bleier received a patent for a portable ice cream machine.         March 28         1899ââ¬âWilliam Fleming received a patent for a player piano using electricity.         March 29         1933ââ¬â42nd Street, the movie, was copyrighted.2000ââ¬âThe Patent and Trademark Office became the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and began operations as a performance-based organization.         March 30         1956ââ¬âWoody Guthries song This Land Is Your Land was copyrighted.         March 31         1981ââ¬âAnanda Chakrabarty patented a new single-cell life form.          March Birthdays      March 1         1864ââ¬âRebecca Lee was the first black woman to get a medical degree.         March 2         1876ââ¬âGosta Forsell was a noted Swedish radiologist.1902ââ¬âNuclear physicist and atomic scientistà  Edward Uhler Condonà  worked on the Manhattan Project.         March 3         1831ââ¬âGeorge Pullmanà  invented the railway sleeping car.1838ââ¬âAmerican astronomer George W. Hill plotted the moons orbit.1841ââ¬âCanadian oceanographer John Murray discovered the depths of the ocean.1845ââ¬âGerman mathematician Georg Cantor discovered transfinite numbers.1847ââ¬âAlexander Graham Bellà  invented the first working telephone.1877ââ¬âAfrican-American inventorà  Garrett Morganà  invented an improvedà  traffic lightà  and improvedà  gas mask.1895ââ¬âEconomist Ragnar Frisch of Norway won theà  first Nobel Memorial Prizeà  in Economicsà  in 1969.1909ââ¬âJay Morris Arena was a noted inventor and pediatrician.1918ââ¬âAmerican biochemist Arthur Kornberg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959.         March 4         1754ââ¬âPhysician Benjamin Waterhouse invented a smallpox vaccine.1835ââ¬âItalian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli discovered the canals of Mars.1909ââ¬âAmerican builder Harry B. Helmsley designed theà  Empire State Building.1934ââ¬âEthologist Jane van Lawick-Goodall was a chimp expert who won the 1974 Walker Prize.1939ââ¬âJames Aubrey Turner was a noted scientist.         March 5         1574ââ¬âEnglish mathematicianà  William Oughtredà  invented the slide rule.1637ââ¬âDutch painter John van der Heyden invented the fire extinguisher.1794ââ¬âFrench physicist Jacques Babinet wasà  a noted mathematician and astronomer.1824ââ¬âAmerican physician Elisha Harris founded the American Public Health Association.1825ââ¬âGerman photographer Joseph Albert invented the Albertotype.1893ââ¬âEmmett J. Culligan founded a water treatment organization.1932ââ¬âScientist Walter Charles Marshall was a leading theoretician in the atomic properties of matter.         March 6         1812ââ¬âAaron Lufkin Dennison was considered the father of American watchmaking.1939ââ¬âComputerà  inventorà  Adam Osborne is the founder of the Osborne Computer Corporation.         March 7         1765ââ¬âFrench inventorà  Joseph Niepceà  made the first photographic image with a camera obscura.1837ââ¬âHenry Draper was anà  astro-spectro photographer who photographed the moon and Jupiter.1938ââ¬âAmerican scientist David Baltimore made key contributions in cancer research and is a 1975 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine.         March 8         1787ââ¬âKarl Ferdinand von Grafe was the father of modern plastic surgery.1862ââ¬âJoseph Lee developed playgrounds.1879ââ¬âGerman physicist and chemist Otto Hahn won the Nobel Prize in 1944 for his discovery of radiothorium and actinium.1886ââ¬âChemistà  Edward Kendallà  isolated cortisone and won the Nobel Prize in 1950.         March 9         1791ââ¬âAmerican surgeon George Hayward was the first to use ether anesthesia.à  1900ââ¬âAmerican scientistà  Howard Aikenà  invented the Mark I computer.1923ââ¬âFrench fashion designer Andre Courreges invented the miniskirt.1943ââ¬âAmerican Jef Raskin was a pioneering computer scientist.         March 10         1940ââ¬âPsychologist Wayne Dyer wrote The Universe Within You.         March 11         1811ââ¬âUrbain Jean Josephà  Leà  Verrier codiscovered Neptune.1832ââ¬âGermanà  physicist Franz Melde invented the Melde test.1879ââ¬âDanish chemist Niels Bjerrum invented pH tests.1890ââ¬âAmerican scientistà  Vannevar Bushà  first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945 that laid the foundation for the internet.         March 12         1824ââ¬âPrussian physicist Gustav R. Kirchoff invented spectral analysis.1831ââ¬âClement Studebaker invented the Studebaker car.1838ââ¬âWilliam Perkin invented the first artificial dye.1862ââ¬âJane Delano founded theà  Red Cross.         March 13         1733ââ¬âEnglish clergyman and scientistà  Joseph Priestleyà  discovered oxygen and invented a method of making carbonated water.1911ââ¬âL. Ron Hubbard was a noted sci-fi writer and the firstà  Scientologistà  who inventedà  Dianetics.         March 14         1692ââ¬âPhysicistà  Pieter van Musschenbroekà  invented the Leyden Jar ââ¬â the first electrical capacitor.1800ââ¬âAmerican builder James Bogardus invented ways of making cast-iron buildings.1833ââ¬âLucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman to become a dentist in the United States in 1866.1837ââ¬âAmerican librarian Charles Ammi Cutter invented expansive classification.1854ââ¬âGerman bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908.1879ââ¬âGerman physicistà  Albert Einsteinà  won the Nobel Prize in 1921 for hisà  theory of relativity.         March 15         1801ââ¬âCoenraad J. van Houten was a Dutch chemist and chocolate maker.1858ââ¬âAmerican botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey is considered the father ofà  plant-breeding.1938ââ¬âEnglish composer Dick Higgins invented the term intermedia and founded Something Else Press.         March 16         1806ââ¬âNorbert Rillieuxà  invented the sugar refiner.1836ââ¬âAndrew Smith Hallidieà  patented the first cable car.1910ââ¬âAndrew Miller-Jones was a British television pioneer.1918ââ¬âAmerican physicist Frederick Reines was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics.1951ââ¬âScientist Richard Stallman is an American software freedom activist and programmer.         March 17         1787ââ¬âPhysicistà  George Simon Ohmà  discovered Ohms Law.1834ââ¬âGerman car manufacturerà  Gottlieb Daimlerà  invented the first motorcycle.1925ââ¬âG.M. Hughes was a renowned British zoologist.1925ââ¬âPhysiologist Jerome Lejeune was a geneticist best-known for discovering links of diseases to chromosome abnormalities.         March 18         1690ââ¬âGerman mathematician Christian Goldbach wrote the Goldbach position.1858ââ¬âGerman engineerà  Rudolf Dieselà  invented the diesel motor.1886ââ¬âGerman psychologist Kurt Koffka invented Gestalt therapy.         March 19         1892ââ¬âNeurobiologist Siegfried T. Bok wrote Cybernetica.1900ââ¬âFrench physicist Frederic Joliot-Curieà  wonà  the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.         March 20         1856ââ¬âAmerican inventor and engineer Frederick W. Taylor is best-known as the father of scientific management.1904ââ¬âAmerican psychologist B.F. Skinner was an author, inventor, behaviorist and social philosopher.1920ââ¬âDouglas G. Chapman was a biomathematical statistician.         March 21         1869ââ¬âArchitect Albert Kahn invented modern factory design.1884ââ¬âAmerican mathematician George D. Birkhoff discovered aesthetic measure.1932ââ¬âAmerican scientist Walter Gilbert was a molecular biology pioneer and Nobel laureate.         March 22         1868ââ¬âAmerican physicist Robert A. Millikan discovered theà  photoelectric effectà  and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923.1907ââ¬âAmerican scientist James M. Gavin was a military theorist.1924ââ¬âAl Neuharth founded the newspaper USA Today.1926ââ¬âAmerican Julius Marmur was a noted biochemist and geneticist.1931ââ¬âAmerican scientist Burton Richter was a Nobel Prize-winning physicist.1946ââ¬âAmerican mathematician and computer scientist Rudy Rucker is a popular author in science fiction and science.         March 23         1881ââ¬âGerman chemistà  Hermann Staudingerà  was a noted plastics researcher who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953.1907ââ¬âSwiss pharmacologist Daniel Bovet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1957.1912ââ¬âGermanà  rocketà  scientistà  Wernher von Braunà  was a space architect and aerospace engineer.         March 24         1809ââ¬âFrench math whiz Joseph Liouville discovered transcendental numbers.1814ââ¬âAmerican naturalist Galen Clark discovered Mariposa Grove.1835ââ¬âAustrian physicist Josef Stefan wrote the Stefan-Boltzmann law.1871ââ¬âBritish nuclear physicist Ernest Rutherford is considered the father of nuclear physics and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.1874ââ¬âHungarian magician and escape artistà  Harry Houdinià  invented a divers suit.1884ââ¬âDutch physical chemist Peter Debye won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1936.1903ââ¬âGermanà  biochemist Adolph F.J. Butenandt won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939.1911ââ¬âJoseph Barbera wasà  a notedà  animator andà  one-halfà  of Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc.1936ââ¬âCanadian scientist David Suzuki is a noted television host and narrator.1947ââ¬âEnglish computer manufacturer Alan Sugar founded Amstrad Computers.         March 25         1786ââ¬âGiovanni B. Amia was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and botanist.1867ââ¬âGutzon Borglum was theà  Mount Rushmoreà  sculptor.1914ââ¬âItalian humanitarian and agronomist Norman Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for inventing methods to increase foodà  supply and was also awarded theà  Presidential Medal of Freedom.         March 26         1773ââ¬âMathematician and astronomer Nathaniel Bowditch invented the marine sextant.1821ââ¬âErnst Engel was a German economist.1821ââ¬âGerman statistician Earnest Angel wrote the Law of Angel.1885ââ¬âRobert Blackburn was a pioneer in British aviation.1893ââ¬âScientist James Bryant Conant was known for his lasting influence on American science.1908ââ¬âRobert William Paine was a noted architect.1908ââ¬âZoologist Kenneth Mellanby of England was a noted entomologist and ecologist.1911ââ¬âGerman-born Bernard Katz was a noted biophysicist noted for his work on nerve physiology.1913ââ¬âPaul Erdos was a noted Hungarian mathematician known for his work in number theory.1916ââ¬âAmerican chemist Christian B. Anfinsen researched cell physiology and won the Nobel Prize in 1972.1930ââ¬âSandra Day OConnor was the first woman to become a U.S. Supreme Court justice in 1981.1941ââ¬âEnglish scientist Richard Dawkins is a noted evolutionary biologist.         March 27         1780ââ¬âGerman inventor and mathematician August L. Crelle built the first Prussian Railway.1844ââ¬âAdolphus Washington Greely was an American Arctic explorer.1845ââ¬âPhysicistà  Wilhelm Conrad von Rontgenà  discovered X-rays and won theà  Nobel Prizeà  in Physics in 1901.1847ââ¬âGerman chemist Otto Wallach won the Nobel Prize in 1910.1863ââ¬âHenry Royce invented the Rolls-Royce.1905ââ¬âHungarian mathematician Laszlo Kalmar discoveredà  mathematicalà  logic and was the founder of theoretical computer science in Hungary.1922ââ¬âMargaret Stacey was a noted sociologist.         March 28         1942ââ¬âAmerican philosopher Daniel Dennett is a researcher of cognitive science and evolutionary biology.         March 29         1883ââ¬âAmerican chemist Van Slyke inventedà  micromanometricà  analysis.         March 30         1842ââ¬âDr. Crawford Long was the first physician to use ether as an anesthetic.1865ââ¬âGerman physicist Heinrich Rubens wasà  known for his measurements of the energy of black-body radiation, which led Max Planck to the discovery of his radiation law.à  Ã  1876ââ¬âClifford Whittingham Beers was a mental hygiene pioneer.1892ââ¬âPolish mathematician Stefan Banach is considered one of the most important and influential 20th-century mathematicians.1894ââ¬âSergei Ilyushin was a noted builder of Russian airplanes.1912ââ¬âAndrew Rodger Waterson was a noted naturalist.         March 31         1811ââ¬âGerman chemist Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen invented theà  Bunsenà  burner.1854ââ¬âDugald Clerk invented a 2-stroke motorcycle engine.1878ââ¬âJack Johnsonà  was the first black heavyweight boxing champ (1908-1915) and invented a wrench.1950ââ¬âPathologist Alison McCartney is a noted breast cancer campaigner.    
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Poor Educational Achievement and Opportunities for Foster...
  ââ¬Å"The direction in which education starts a man will determine his future in lifeâ⬠(Plato). Platoââ¬â¢s assessment was accurate, because the importance of learning enables individuals to put their potentials to optimal use. The foster care system can handicap the educational achievement of children. This handicap can follow those children beyond the scholastic world and into the professional world. Today, seventy percent of teens that break away from foster care report that they want to attend college, but less than fifty percent graduate from high school. Fewer than twenty percent of those who graduate from high school actually enroll in college, and of those less than three-percent graduate with a degree. Post emancipation, fifty percent areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The demand is up yet we are getting cut and so you feel for the student who is trying to get the job skills to better themselves.   The economic recession is a major contributing factor as to why many students are enrolling back into colleges and universities. A majority of these students are enrolling at higher rates because the job market has also become extremely competitive. These students are giving up their time and money to raise their educational level. Many people have realized that education is a passport to a better future. Without education, people may end up unemployed resulting in the possibility of destitution.  More and more students are finding it difficult to get into the classes they need to transfer into a university, obtain an associateââ¬â¢s degree or a certificate, due to the overcrowding of classes. Foster youth, who already face great educational challenges, fall through these holes in the educational system.  After enrolling atShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Theory Developed By Lewis1627 Words à  |à  7 Pagestheory established by Lewis (1968), there are many traits associated with the culture of poverty. Families living on poverty have a level of education and are living in inadequate housing conditions. This factor is often associated with low academic achievement and success of economically disadvantaged students. Consequently, Lewis (1998) contends that children living in poverty are often exposed early in life to drugs and alcohol, abusive relationships, and single-parent households dominated by the femaleRead MoreOut Of Home Care Case Study1139 Words à  |à  5 Pagesthe government in training and supporting for foster carers as they play a significant role in the academic performance and development of the children and young persons under their care.     Background    The poor performance in educational outcomes for children in out-of-home care (OOHC) has been an internationally recognized concern for decades (Townsend, 2012). For those students in OOHC, it is extremely hard to learn and achieve satisfactory educational outcomes (Berridge, 2012). Queensland researchRead MoreA Link Between Foster Care Placement During Childhood And Adult Delinquency1348 Words à  |à  6 Pagesconducted in Sweden has shown a link between foster care placement during childhood and adult criminality.  Two groups were identified, a control group and a treatment group. The control group consisted of individuals that were the same age and gender of the treatment group. The results showed that foster care predicts higher adult criminality for males first placed during adolescence (ages 13ââ¬â18). No significant association for boys who were placed in foster care before age 13 and no significant associationRead MoreUnderstanding The Family Dynamics, And School Prepara   tion917 Words à  |à  4 PagesDr. Sampson, Black and Brown: Race, Ethnicity, and School Preparation gives great insight into understanding the family dynamics which relate to parental educational involvement. To the credit of research design, I believe the case studies presented on youth living poor from low-income communities adequately assesses the needs of students. It is also a strength of Dr. Sampson research that information is given on how parents can engage in their childrenââ¬â¢s education although they may be in the midstRead MoreEssay On Pay To Play1452 Words à  |à  6 Pagesloyalty. Equal access for all students to all educational opportunities, including sports. The life skills and values that sports can promote should not be reserved for those with the resources to pay. Finally, high school athletics was a big part of my educational experience. Although I was a good student, school was something that I had to do, while sports was something I wanted to do. Sports is    my passion and I believe others should have the same opportunities.   A Brief History of High School AthleticsRead MoreProviding the Service, Maximum Potential, to Foster Parents2859 Words à  |à  11 PagesMaximum Potential to assist foster parents with positioning their youth for academic success is vital to our community. The transition to adulthood is often difficult for youth in foster care and those who have aged-out of care. The many challenges seem insurmountable and the costs to society are tremendous. The costs of intervening early and with the right kinds of support those that build and strengthen families, are developmentally appropriate for children and youth, and ensure that their educationRead MoreChildren Of Poverty And Poverty1722 Words à  |à  7 PagesReduced Price Lunch Program in Orange County, which lower than California at 58.6% (3,655,624). Participating in the National School Free and Reduced Price Lunch Program was considered to be an indicator of children living in poverty or of working poor families. According to the United St   ates Census, 16.9% of Orange Countyââ¬â¢s children were living in poverty in 2013; an increase from 13.6% in 2010 (Conditions, 2015).   B.	Factors contributing to the problem or conditions   Unemployment  A contributingRead MoreA Mission Statement At Sheltering Arms1338 Words à  |à  6 Pages  MISSION STATEMENT  At Sheltering Arms, we believe that every child and family deserves an equal chance at happiness and future success. Our mission is to strengthen the education, well-being, and development of vulnerable children, youth, and families across the New York metro area. We serve nearly 22,000 people each year from the Bronx to Far Rockaway. Through compassion, innovation, and partnership, we respond to our community s greatest needs and enable individuals to reach the greatest heightsRead MoreThe Association Between Abuse And Children s Academic Level Essay1743 Words à  |à  7 Pagesabout 2 million of the children discussed about in these calls were tried to be victims of child maltreatment (Crozier, J. C.,  Barth, R. P.,2005). Compared to the general these students earn lower grades, have lower levels of overall standardized achievement, are at greater risk for grade repetition, and inexplicably drop out of school (Stone, S.,  Zibulsky, J., 2015). Maltreatment is also associated with ment   al health problems, such as dissociation, that may damage academic functioning (Perzow, SRead MoreMental Health Is The Overall Psychological And The Emotional Well Being Of Any Individual1472 Words à  |à  6 Pagessomeone that can adjust to the emotional and behavioral requirements of stress and conflicts that are associated in daily living.  According to Elizabeth Ahmann there is over ââ¬Å"400,000 children are in foster care in the United States, and more than 100,000 of them are waiting to be adoptedâ⬠ (Ahmann p. 1).  Foster home placement is associated with stress and disruptions in attachment relationships.  These losses undermine a childââ¬â¢s attempt to form a secure attachment with a primary caregiver.  John Bowlby    
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Humanism during renaissance Free Essays
  Renaissance is a term used to describe ââ¬Ërebirthââ¬â¢ (in French), which began in Italy in late middle age and then spread to other parts of Europe. During the Renaissance people to question the Scholastic methods of that time and their questioning resulted as the birth of humanism. Humanism goes along with secularism in the sense that it makes humans beings, not God, the centre of attention.      We will write a custom essay sample on  Humanism during renaissance  or any similar topic only for you    Order Now   People began to do things because they enjoyed them rather than for Godââ¬â¢s glory. It was responsible for the change in the medieval education system, emphasizing on rational and racial thinking.  Humanism emphasizes on the importance of knowledge, as well as on the potential of the individual and civil responsibility. This concept of humanism became the core of renaissance style. It was in this age that people began to reason and think rationally. Even the term used for the Renaissance philosophers, ââ¬Ëhumanistsââ¬â¢, shows how the focus of the peopleââ¬â¢s attention had shifted from Heaven and God to this world and human beings. Individualism takes humanism a step further by saying that individual humans were capable of great accomplishments.  Renaissance philosophers saw humans as intelligent creatures capable of reasoning (and questioning the authority) rather than being mindless pawns helplessly manipulated by God. Humanism profoundly affected the artist community and how artists themselves were perceived. The medieval mind viewed artists as humble servants whose talent and ability were meant to honor God. This is evident in the work of medieval artists adoring churches and cathedrals. Renaissance artists, in contrast, were trained intellectuals ââ¬â well versed in the classical and mathematical principles.  And the art that they created reflected this newfound perspective. In art, linear and aerial perspective developed and artists considered their canvases to be windows to the natural world. Their task became to portray the natural world as realistically as possible. Renaissance art portrayed the human body as a thing of beauty in its own right and not like a medieval comic strip character whose only reason to exist was for the glory of God. People were often conceived as nudes covered in real fabric rather than the medieval concept of clothes with a head and ands showing.  Painters eliminated extra features and details so that the viewerââ¬â¢s attention would focus on the theme of the painting rather than be distracted by details. Paintings became balanced and started to express emotions. During the middle age, saints in paintings wore halos around their heads; saints would also look larger in size than the humans. As humanism became popular the size of the saints began to look more human, halos became fainter and then eventually disappeared. The media of art evolved as well. Early paintings were usually done with egg tempera, which dried fast and created a flat rough surface.  Oil paint was introduced in the early 1 5th century, and became immensely popular as it dried slowly and was translucent, allowing light to shine through the paintings. Humanism freed remarkable individuals and geniuses such as Leonardo ad Vinci to live up to their potential without being held back by the medieval society that discouraged innovation. Other ways in which individualism is seen during Renaissance is that the artists started signing their paintings, thus showing individualistic pride in their work.  During the Renaissances, architects trained as humanists helped raise the status of their profession from skilled laborers to artists. Renaissance architecture shows clarity as it emphasizes on clean lines, geometrical shapes, symmetry, and was very systematical. When comparing the Gothic architecture and the renaissance architecture, the Renaissance architecture seems to be more practical in terms of height, and spacing. As in the classical world, Renaissances architecture is characterized by harmonious form, mathematical proportion, and a unit of measurement based on human scale.  Patrician man The drawing is based on the ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitreous. He describes the human as the principal source of proportion among the classical orders of architect. The image of the man exemplifies the blend of art and science during the Renaissances. An example of the proportions found in the Patrician man ââ¬â The drawing the length of the outspread arm is equal to the height of a man, from the hairline to the bottom of the chin is one tenth of the height of the man, and from below the chin to the top of the head is one eight of the heights of the man form.  Above the chest to the top of the head is one- sixth of the height of the man form and from above the chest to the hair line is one ââ¬â seventh of the height of the man. The maximum width of the shoulder is a quarter of the height of the man. Temple fronts. His keen understanding and observation of classical architecture is also seen in the Church of Santaââ¬â¢ Andrea in Mantra. The columns in this building are not used decoratively but functional as lord bearing support. For Albertââ¬â¢, architecture was not Just creating building but to give a meaning.      How to cite Humanism during renaissance, Papers    
Monday, May 4, 2020
Ethical Case Study Virtue Ethics Theory
  Question:  Discuss about theEthical Case Studyfor Virtue Ethics Theory.     Answer:    Introduction  Ethics are very important in an organization as they maintain the image and reputation of the organization in the market. Ethics in the organization include ethical values, guidelines and beliefs that support the right decision making in the organization. Ethics in the organization have significant importance to be an accountable, ethical organization in the market. The area of ethics can be most conflicted in the organization when the human actions in the society are not good. Top develop and maintain the reputation of the organization, there must be the ethical values used by the management of any organization (Hartman  Edwin, 2013).  Virtue Ethics Theory  Virtue ethics can be described as the development of character in an individual by focusing on their behavior and actions. Basically, virtue refers to the goodness, excellence and righteousness in a person. The virtue ethics theory can be simply defined as the theory to develop and establish the quality, character and virtues in the people. In the other words, the virtue ethics theory is the theory that governs the responsibilities and rules and highlights that there is the reason behind every action (Marilyn, 2009). This theory defines the character of a person rather than ethical rules. This theory is the difference between the result of consequentiality and deontology. There are basically three different views on ethics which focus on the problems rather than the conclusion (Chappell, 2006). For instance, whole evaluating the case of cheating, one person would say the cheating is wrong as it will give negative result but, a deontologist would say that it is the moral rule that is    considered as just plain wrong regarding any situation. But virtue ethics describes that it is neither right nor wrong to cheat but it is the moral behavior of an individual in his inner characteristics. The ethics are the characters that are created to bring ethical. According to this theory, the general concept is the ethical virtues are that every person should behave with his or her with inward character rather than focusing on external environment (Bloomfield, 2014). If the character of a person is good then it must be reflected in his or her actions. The aim of this theory is to drive away the attention of individual from different opinions and place back the attention on his or her own quality and characteristics. The value ethics can be the excellent source of knowledge if the terms ethics, morals and values are clear. But it is the issue that some people are not clear about the nature of ethics, morals and values in the organization or in real life (Bailey, 2010).  Importance in Rational Decision Making  In this section, the case 4 has been taken for the discussion. This case is about a social media, Mybook which is posting fake news on the daily basis. Along with this, the fake news has also affected the reputation of political party which is going to take part in the recent elections. This is a problematic situation for the brand image of social media. Based on value ethics theory, this the cheating with the general public who is using this social media site for news updates. According to deontologist it is the moral rule that is considered as just plain wrong regarding any situation and according to the consequentiality, it is completely wrong. But, according to the virtue ethics theory, this is the cause of ethical character which the persons have in the social media company. To resolve this issue, the international blog can be updated to update the general audience so that they will be able to know the truth of the social site. Based on the integrity, fairness and honesty, the f   ake news should be cleared in front of general public (Nicholas, 2016).    Strengths and Weaknesses of Virtue Ethics  Virtue ethics is basically focused on the moral goodness of the people. It suggests that the individual should on the personal character rather than actions. This theory has both strengths as well as weakness that should be understood by the people.  Strengths  Same like other theories, this theory examines the morals and values in the people. The theory focuses on the human relationships on high level. In this theory, human relations, emotions and responsibilities are very important. Other theories state that the human emotions are illogical but this theory supports the human emotions and relations. Along with this, this theory helps the agents to take ethical decisions in the organization. In the centre of morality, the theory always places virtues and character (Stephen  Slote, 2013).  Weakness  According to Robert Louden, this theory is focused on the individual but it never focus to resolve the problems of big moral issues. The theory does not provide any solution related to ethical crisis. Along with this, this theory only focuses on the small number of traits but it ignores the big pictures of traits. Generally, the organization cannot be able to make decisions based on the individual virtues and traits. In the traits, the theory only focuses on the characteristics traits. Along with this, this theory cannot be applied universally (Stichter, 2011).  Use of Virtue Ethics Theory in Personal and Professional Life  Virtue ethics is the agent-based theory. This theory focuses on the character and motivations of an individual. The moral behavior is not connected to any rule or guideline and the individual should use their own characteristics rather than involving any rule or policy. This theory is very important for the decision making process in the personal life or professional area as it mainly focuses on the values, morals and character rather than focusing on duties or rules. The virtue ethics focuses on the integrity of the people which is very important for the good character of the person. This theory has the significant role in the decision making process wither in personal life or professional life. This is helpful to do ethical analysis of a person. There are some factors that can be analyzed in the decision making process regarding an individual (Daniel, 2008).    Integrity is the second meaning of honesty and truthfulness. It is also the accuracy of the actions of a person. If a person show integrity in his or her work, then it would be very beneficial for an organization as well as the personal life of the person.  The person should be trustworthy by his or actions. Same like the person, the organization should also be the trustworthy for the general public. If the person breaks the trust of others, then this action can affect his relationship with bothers.  There should be honesty in the action of an individual as honesty is the base of trust. Person should not share the important information of the organization with the outsiders.  Fairness is the other traits that should be in the individual. The actions of a person should be fair in the organization. He or she should use the information for the benefit of the organization, not for the benefit of their personal life.  The last trait is self control and that should be in the actions of a person. This is very important for the characteristics of an individual (Slingerland, 2011).    Conclusion  Ethics in the organization have significant importance to be an accountable, ethical organization in the market and virtue refers to the goodness, excellence and righteousness in a person. The virtue ethics theory is very important for the decision making process in the personal life or professional area as it mainly focuses on the values, morals and character rather than focusing on duties or rules. With this, the value ethics is the excellent source of knowledge if the terms ethics, morals and values are clear. So, from the analysis of above specified traits, one can analyze the actions of another person. Thus, this theory is very important to take the decisions regarding the personal life and professional life.    References  Bailey, O. (2010). What Knowledge is Necessary for Virtue?: Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy. 4(2): 117  Bloomfield, P. (2014).The Virtues of Happiness: A Theory of the Good Life, New York: Oxford University Press  Chappell, T., (2006).Values and Virtues. Oxford: Oxford University Press  Daniel C., (2008). Agent-Based Virtue Ethics and the Fundamentality of Virtue:American Philosophical Quarterly. 45: 32948  Hartman  Edwin. (2013). The Virtue Approach to Business Ethics. pp. 240264  Marilyn, F., (2009). Feminist Virtue Ethics, Happiness and Moral Luck. Hypatia, 24: 2940  Nicholas R., (2016). Right-Makers and the Targets of the Virtues,Journal of Value Inquiry  Slingerland, E. (2011). The Situationist Critique and Early Confucian Virtue Ethics: Ethics. 121 (2): 390419  Stephen A.  Slote, M., (2013).Virtue Ethics and Confucianism, New York: Routledge  Stichter, M. (2011). Virtues, Skills, and Right Action: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. 14: 7386.    
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